GFI Files Graphics Interchange Format 1 GIF History

BMP Files – Basics o Native format for Windows & OS/2 n o o o Backgrounds, graphics, wallpaper Not good for sending via Internet Only format for Windows wallpaper Only slightly compressed, or not at all, so large – can be zipped – load & display quickly, since no decompression 21

GIF to JPF

GIF is one of the most common raster image formats. Its name is an abbreviation for Graphics Interchange Format File. The developer is the CompuServe organization. A feature of this particular image format is its ability to support the animation function. You can edit animated GIFs in different programs (for example, Easy GIF Animator). Animation is achieved due to the fact that a file of this format carries in itself in a certain sequence several raster images at once. With a depth of up to 256 colors, significant data compression in GIF files is possible without loss of quality.

JPF is a raster image category file format that is the successor to the .JPEG image format. Like some other file name extensions (.jpx, .jp2, .j2k), the .jpf extension refers to the JPEG 2000 image format. It is needed to designate the JPEG 2000 Image file type. And JPEG 2000 files are an international standard (ISO / IEC 15444) bitmap format. It was developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, JPEG. It serves as a good replacement for the JPEG standard, which is older, but, as before, is in demand and widespread. Compared to JPEG in JPF format, wavelet compression is used, due to the alpha channel transparency is supported, as well as a variety of color models. Also, compared to JPEG, this format provides better scalability of images, provides the ability to achieve smaller file sizes and have a higher level of quality. The format is able to combine compression with losses and without losses. Provides support for image transparency and additional metadata information. It can be viewed in QuickTime Player 7, as in recent versions of Photoshop, provided that the JPEG2000.8bi plugin is installed. Many images also have the extension .JP2 or .JPX.

GFI Files Graphics Interchange Format 1 GIF History

GIF Characteristics o Compressed n o o Less Space, Less loading time 8 -bit color (or less) Can contain more than one image Interlacing possible – image can develop from fuzzy to clear, rather than top to bottom Free – so became widely used 3

Problem o LZW Compression Algorithm n n n o o Lempel-Ziv-Welch Believed to be open for use Developers claimed patented PNG resulted GIF is still most widely used 4

GIF Format o o Header – version, screen layout, palette Control Blocks – governs display of image n o Image Block – information for 1 image n o Fading, timing, animation Size, palette Extension Block – comments 5

GIF Compression via LZW o o Lossless Eliminates repeated strings of data & replace with token to previous data 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 19 19 1 1 1 2 3 2 [3, 3] 19 19 [1, 3] 19 19 No need to zip. 6

GIF Animation o o o A multi-image GIF File Timed display gives appearance of motion GIF 87 a – Multi-image but no motion GIF 89 a – Multi-image with animation Some browsers are not compatible with the animation – 1 st image is shown 7

JPEG Files Joint Photographic Experts Group 8

JPEG Files o JPEG: Actually a compression algorithm File format – JFIF n o o o . jpeg, . jpg, . jif, . jfif Better for Photos 24 -bit color Powerful Compression Engine n But lossy compression 9

JPEG Compression o Basis: humans are much more aware of small changes in brightness (luminance) than small changes in color or large changes in color or brightness 10

JPEG Compression – 3 steps 1. Convert RGB to system identifying brightness (e. g. HSL, YCb. Cr) 2. Data Reduction through Subsampling – brightness unchanged, eliminates ½ of other 2 scales – replace pairs of neighboring pixels with a single value – the average – reduces to 2/3 of size without noticeable loss of quality 11

JPEG Compression – 3 steps 3. Direct cosine transform (DCT) & Quantization n n Works on 8 x 8 blocks Color & Brightness in each block are identified and rounded, more weight is given to small changes E. G. 3 5, 75 100 Result: many duplicate values, compresses well by a standard lossless method But image is NOT as accurate as original 12

Compression vs. Quality o Always a tradeoff – 3 main factors n n n o More compression less quality Aggressiveness of rounding Accuracy of jpeg viewer – speed vs. quality Compression level – 1 to 100 (not %) n n E. G. 75 is sometimes default – good quality, medium compression – not consistent E. G. Lo-Med-Hi-Max 13

Progressive JPEG o o Image comes into focus slowly, like with interlaced GIF Not interlaced Starts with low quality image, then is replaced with higher quality images – appearance of coming into focus Same storage requirements 14

Transparent Color o o JPEG does not support transparent color Technically difficult due to the other aspects of storing the image 15

Compression Ratios – Comparison For Photos o GIF: 5: 1 (1/5 the storage) o JPEG: 10: 1 at lowest level 200: 1 at highest level o Typical: 30: 1 slightly noticeable reduction in quality 16

Conclusion o o JPEG is superior to other methods for photorealistic images – smooth edges & shading GIF is best for drawings – hard edges & sharp color changes 17

JPEG: Multiple Compressions o o Resaving without changes in image or compression level – quality is exactly same Each 8 x 8 block affected is recompressed & lose more quality – can affect image unevenly Cropping is most damaging Work in TIFF or PNG then save as JPEG 18

Final Comments o Consider your monitor n n o 256 colors vs. 16 M You can change by changing settings GIF JPEG conversion n n Degrades Can get decent results, see other sources 19

BMP Files Bit Map 20

BMP Files – Basics o Native format for Windows & OS/2 n o o o Backgrounds, graphics, wallpaper Not good for sending via Internet Only format for Windows wallpaper Only slightly compressed, or not at all, so large – can be zipped – load & display quickly, since no decompression 21

BMP File Format o File Header n o BM, number of bytes, file layout Information Header – describes image n n Dimension in pixels, color depth (1, 4, 8, 24 -bit), compression, number colors used, number colors considered important If all colors can’t be displayed, replaced or dithered; palette stored in order of importance e. g. Brown bear vs. American Flag 22

Dithering Creating the illusion of new colors and shades by varying the pattern of dots. 23

BMP Compression Only 4 & 8 -bit images o Run-length encoding (RLE) – lossless o Replaces string of identical bytes with token telling how many 10 11 11 15 15 15 6 7 8 8 8 10 [11, 4] [15, 3] 6 7 [8, 5] o Saves minimal space but decompresses fast o 24

DIB? o BMP files are referred to as n o o Device independent bit maps Can display on any monitor Sometimes. dib extension n Same as. bmp 25

Convert Image to Wallpaper o Software can help n n n o Microsoft Plus! Paint Shop Pro Web Browsers Paint Graphics Workshop o o RLE compressed bit map can be used a wallpaper – 4 -bit only Change extension to. bmp See handout 26

Other Graphic File Formats 27

PNG – Portable Network Graphics o o Developed due to legal problems with GIF compression algorithm Lossless Compression n o More than GIF, less than JPEG More changes than just compression 28

PNG: Other Changes over GIF o More Color Depth n n o o o Up to 48 bits per pixel Improved gray scale Better interlacing & transparency No Multiple images (thus no animation) Becoming common, won’t always display n n Netscape, Internet Explorer AOL Browser, but not email 29

TIFF – Tagged Image File Format o o o Early Graphics format Originally only grayscale High quality graphics n o Developed for scanning images Common in scanning programs n n Scanner, fax, desktop publishers Flexible format 30

TIFF Characteristics o o Causing its popularity Lossless compression (LZW, JPEG, others) Handles huge images Stores image in strips (tiles in latest version) n n Can access one portion 2 – 96 bits per pixel 31

TIFF Disadvantages o o Tried to be everything to everybody Versions are not compatible due to too many options You may not be able to display others TIFF files New versions are improved, but not fixed yet 32

ICO – Windows Icon (. ico) o o o In toolbars, etc. Can store in. exe or. dll files 4 -bit, 32 x 32 pixel image n n n o Limited size & color Transparent color = screen color Image in inverse color, always shows Can create only icons with icon editor 33

ART – from AOL o Designed to download quickly n o o o Display time same, transmission faster Trades quality for size by compression Your downloads may be converted to ART AOL includes a converter n Necessary unless display only (email, use on web site, etc. ) 34

PCD – Photo CD from Kodak o o o For storing photo images on a CD-ROM About 100 images per CD Each photo is digitized at 5 – 6 resolutions n o o Chose one to work with Can convert to other formats Many editors will read n Paint Shop Pro, Graphics Workshop 35

Macintosh PICT o o Native format for Macintosh Like BMP is to Windows Can store 1 -bit to 32 -bit color information 8 -bit grayscale 36

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3 Ways to Use Gifographics: Transform Data Into Exciting Gifs

Question: if someone is reading your blog, how many facts and figures can you throw at them before their eyes start to glaze over?

Answer: Probably not very many.

Lists, charts, and graphs are easy for readers to skip. Infographics are a little better, but wouldn’t it be nice if you could make them even more eye-catching? What if you could guide the reader from point to point effortlessly? Gifographics can do both of these things. We’ll look at how you can use them on your website and social media, but first…

What are Gifographics?

You might be scratching your head wondering: what are gifographics anyway? Gifographics are animated infographics formatted as GIFs. That means they take the motion of an animated GIF and the layout of an infographic to create an eye-catching and memorable visual. The resulting animation is packaged in a smallish file that you can embed into websites, emails, blogs, and other online content.

Gifographics = The Best Of Both Worlds

By taking the strongest elements of two already strong graphic ingredients, your visuals can accomplish a lot more. Gifographics effectively combine the instructional and highly linkable format of an infographic with the animation of a GIF to build a visual that is the best of both worlds.

Someone might not be ready to press play on your video, but they almost have no choice but to watch your gifographic. They don’t challenge attention spans with large amounts of plain text. Plus the short, looping format is difficult to ignore.

Gifographics can keep people engaged in what they’re reading and hold their attention longer. Take this example from AJ+. It explains the results of a Stanford University study performed in San Francisco High Schools.

This graphic presents one piece of information at a time, pairing it with an image to help you remember what you’ve read. The animation helps direct your attention to the piece of information you should be looking at next.

Imagine the difference if you presented this information as a simple list. Readers could skim over it without really absorbing the details. Presenting it as a gifographic invites viewers to slow down and engage with the content.

Ultimately, the whole point of a gifographic is to convey information that you find to be valuable to the reader in the most effective way possible. Here are a few ways you can use gifographics.

1. To describe a process

Sometimes animation is the best way to illustrate a process, but you still need a textual explanation to go along with it. The below example is a perfect illustration of just that. It shows you how to learn one of the most famous dance moves of all time: the moonwalk.

This gifographic uses a black-and-white color scheme to help the viewer identify which foot is which. This simplifies an otherwise complicated process. It also uses animation to illustrate each step of the dance move.

The graphics simply don’t work without being able to see the process in motion. You might be able to learn how to moonwalk seeing a sequence of images side-by-side, but it would be a lot harder. Learning to do it with only text to help you would be almost impossible.

Besides, animation is a lot more fun.

2. To show change over time

Gifographics are also perfect for condensing information that would otherwise require multiple images or charts. They can show change over time, compare multiple data points at once, or provide essential context. Consider the following example:

The gifographic above uses growing dots and changing calendar dates to show the spread of Ebola in three countries. By using a gifographic, the designer can fit information about four countries in a single image. Watching the spread happen makes it feel more urgent than simply reading numbers on the screen. It allows you to show multiple data points and reduces the need for multiple images or dry tables of data.

3. To simplify complex information

Like any animation, gifographics can be as simple or as complex as you need to get your point across. So far, most of our examples have relied on basic movement–a growing dot or a shifting foot. The example below gets a little more complicated, combining the animation of an engine with a numbered list and a color-coding system to walk you through How a Car Engine Works. There’s a ton of information here, and it’s a lot easier to follow thanks to the visual cues.

Well-designed gifographics can make complex information easier to grasp. That means people are more likely to stick with you and retain the information. While producing a gifographic tends to be a little more expensive than an infographic, the impact may be worth the investment.

Where to use gifographics

You can use gifographics almost anywhere on the web. If you’re presenting the results of a survey, illustrating change over time, or explaining a process, consider how a gifographic might help. An animator can help you make a gifographic that achieves any or all of these goals. Then all you have to do is share them. Embed one on your website, post it on social media, or link it in an email.

For help designing a gifographic for your audience, reach out to the animation experts at IdeaRocket

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• Keeping metrics so you can learn

Emma Rose is a content marketing expert, SEO extraordinaire, and research addict who believes life is better when it’s animated.