Toni Morrison

Morrison died at Montefiore Medical Center in The Bronx, New York City on August 5, 2019, from complications of pneumonia. She was 88 years old.

Tony Morrison

Toni Morrison was born on 18 th of February, in 1931 in Lorain, Ohio. She was the second among the four children. Their parents were George Wofford, a welder, and her mother, Ramah, who was a homemaker. Her parents witnessed unbridled racism, and her father resorted to doing odd jobs to escape it. The poverty-stricken family faced an acute tragedy; their family landlord set their apartment on fire because they were unable to pay the rent. The evil act could not shake their belief or courage. They positively responded to the landlord. Since her parents were deeply attached to their heritage and culture, they instilled in her the same feelings, narrating traditional folk stories, singing songs, and ghost stories. Her parent’s storytelling techniques and her love for reading played a crucial role in her growth as a writer.

Education

Although her parents shaped her creative mind by attaching it with literature, yet surprising her formal education started quite late at the age of twelve when she was admitted to Lorain High School. She did really well at school, joined the drama club, and became a member of the debating team. Later, in 1949, she attended Harvard University, and it was here she confronted the racially segregated society. She graduated in English in 1953 and attended Cornell University in 1955, earning a master’s in arts.

Marriage

After completing her master’s degree, Toni pursued teaching as a career. While teaching at Harvard, she met Harold Morrison, an architect, and the couple was married in 1958. Unfortunately, their marriage ended in divorce in 1964, when Toni was pregnant. After their separation, she turned toward teaching and writing.

Her Achievements

Toni Morrison, a towering writer of history, added a lot to the world of literature. Her untiring efforts made her stand among the influential literary figures. Her writings won many prestigious awards for her, such as in 1988. She won Pulitzer Prize Award for her novel Beloved. She also won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1933. Later, in 2012, she won the Presidential Medal for Freedom.

Some Important Facts of Her Life

1. She was amongst the first African-American editors who worked as a fiction editor for Random House in Syracuse.
2. She was the first African American who won Nobel Prize for Literature.
3. Oberlin College, Ohio became the base of Toni Morrison Society founded in 1983.
4. She died on the 5 th of August in 2019, in the Bronx, New York City, at the age of eighty-eight.

Her Career

Toni Morrison, a leading literary figure, pursued two careers in her life – teaching, and writing. After completing education, she started teaching at Texas Southern University followed by the State University of New York. However, she emerged as a writer when her first novel, The Bluest Eye, published in 1970. The novel presents the story of a victimized African-American young girl obsessed with white beauty and wishes to have blue eyes. Later, in 1973, another novel, Sula, explored the phenomenon of friendship. In 1977, she published The Song of Solomon and Tar Baby in 1981, exploring the concepts of identity, racism, sex, and class. Her critically acclaimed novel, Beloved, appeared in 1987 and created ripples in literature. Besides these novels, she produced heartwarming children literature, some of which include Peeny Butter Fudge, Remember: The Journey to School Integration and The Book of Mean People.

Her Style

Toni Morrison stands among the most influential figures of world literature. She beautifully portrayed her ideas in her literary pieces. Her distinctive literary style relied mostly on vivid imagery, symbolism, creative analogies, and diverse sentence structure. She did not present the imaginative world in her pieces. Instead, she focuses on the misery of the African-American community, her people. Her uniqueness is characterized by the ironic tone that reflects keen insights into the white culture. Her writings are marked with the use of crispy dialogues and straightforward style and have won universal recognition. The recurring themes in most of her literary pieces are cultural, identity, love, sexism, representation of black identity, and prejudice.

Some Important Works of Toni Morrison

• Best Novels: She was a prolific writer. Some of his best novels include The Bluest Eye, Beloved, Jazz, Paradise, Love, Song of Solomon, A Mercy and
• Other Works: Besides novels, she worked on children’s fiction, shorter fiction and plays, some of them include The Book of Mean People, The Big Box, Sweetness, Dreaming Emmett, Remember: The Journey to School Integration and

Toni Morrison’s Impact on Future Literature

Toni Morison, with her unique abilities, left a profound impact on global literature. Her witty ideas about the marginalization that black people faced in the United States along with distinct literary qualities, won applause from her readers, critics, and other fellow writers. Her impact resonates strongly inside as well as outside the English speaking world. Her masterpieces provide the principles for the writers of succeeding generations to follow. She successfully documented her ideas about sex, the supremacy of white and love in her writings that even today writers try to imitate her unique style.

Famous Quotes

1. There is a loneliness that can be rocked. Arms crossed, knees drawn up, holding, holding on, this motion, unlike a ship’s, smooths and contains the rocker. It’s an inside kind–wrapped tight like skin. Then there is the loneliness that roams. No rocking can hold it down. It is alive. On its own. A dry and spreading thing that makes the sound of one’s own feet going seem to come from a far-off place.” (Beloved)
2. “Love is never any better than the lover. Wicked people love wickedly, violent people love violently, weak people love weakly, stupid people love stupidly, but the love of a free man is never safe. There is no gift for the beloved. The lover alone possesses his gift of love. The loved one is shorn, neutralized, frozen in the glare of the lover’s inward eye.” (The Bluest Eye)
3. “Don’t ever think I fell for you, or fell over you. I didn’t fall in love, I rose in it.” (Jazz)
4. “You wanna fly, you got to give up the s*** that weighs you down.” (Song of Solomon)

Toni Morrison

Toni Morrison (February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019), was a Nobel Prize-winning American author, editor, and professor. Morrison helped promote Black literature and authors when she worked as an editor for Random House in the 1960s and 1970s, where she edited books by authors including Toni Cade Bambara and Gayl Jones. Morrison herself would later emerge as one of the most important African American writers of the twentieth century.

Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed black characters; among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, Song of Solomon, and Beloved, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988. This story describes a slave who found freedom but killed her infant daughter to save her from a life of slavery.

Contents

• 1 Early life and career
• 2 Writing career
  • 2.1 Beloved
  • 4.1 Awards and Honors
  • 5.1 Novels
  • 5.2 Children’s literature (with Slade Morrison)
  • 5.3 Short stories
  • 5.4 Plays
  • 5.5 Libretti
  • 5.6 Non-fiction
  • 5.7 Articles

  Morrison is the first African American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 2001 she was named one of the “30 Most Powerful Women in America” by Ladies’ Home Journal.

  Early life and career

  Toni Morrison was born Chloe Ardelia Wofford in Lorain, Ohio, the second of four children in a working-class family. [1] As a child, Morrison read constantly; among her favorite authors were Jane Austen and Leo Tolstoy. Morrison’s father, George Wofford, a welder by trade, told her numerous folktales of the Black community (a method of storytelling that would later work its way into Morrison’s writings).

  In 1949 Morrison entered Howard University to study English. While there she began going by the nickname of “Toni,” which derives from her middle name, Anthony. [1] [2] Morrison received a B.A. in English from Howard University in 1953, then earned a Master of Arts degree, also in English, from Cornell University in 1955, for which she wrote a thesis on suicide in the works of William Faulkner and Virginia Woolf. [3] After graduation, Morrison became an English instructor at Texas Southern University in Houston, Texas (from 1955-1957) then returned to Howard to teach English. She became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.

  In 1958 she married Harold Morrison. They had two children, Harold and Slade, but divorced in 1964. After the divorce she moved to Syracuse, New York, where she worked as a textbook editor. Eighteen months later she went to work as an editor at the New York City headquarters of Random House. [3]

  As an editor, Morrison played an important role in bringing African American literature into the mainstream. She edited books by such Black authors as Toni Cade Bambara, Angela Davis and Gayl Jones.

  Writing career

  Morrison began writing fiction as part of an informal group of poets and writers at Howard University who met to discuss their work. She went to one meeting with a short story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes. The story later evolved into her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), which she wrote while raising two children and teaching at Howard. [3] In 2000 it was chosen as a selection for Oprah’s Book Club. [4]

  In 1973 her novel Sula was nominated for the National Book Award. Her third novel, Song of Solomon (1977), brought her national attention. The book was a main selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club, the first novel by a Black writer to be so chosen since Richard Wright’s Native Son in 1940. It won the National Book Critics Circle Award.

  Beloved

  Her novel, Beloved, won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize. The novel is loosely based on the life and legal case of the slave Margaret Garner, about whom Morrison later wrote in the opera Margaret Garner (2005). The Book’s Epigraph says: “Sixty Million and more.” Morrison is referring to the estimated number of slaves who died in the slave trade. More specifically, she is referring to the Middle Passage.

  A survey of eminent authors and critics conducted by The New York Times found Beloved the best work of American fiction of the past 25 years; it garnered 15 of 125 votes, finishing ahead of Don DeLillo’s Underworld (11 votes), Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian (8) and John Updike’s Rabbit series (8). [5] The results appeared in The New York Times Book Review on May 21, 2006. [6]

  TIME Magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005. [7]

  When the novel failed to win the National Book Award as well as the National Book Critics Circle Award, a number of writers protested the omission. [3] [8] Beloved was adapted into the 1998 film of the same name starring Oprah Winfrey and Danny Glover. Morrison later used Margaret Garner’s life story again in an opera, Margaret Garner, with music by Richard Danielpour.

  Later life

  Morrison taught English at two branches of the State University of New York. In 1984 she was appointed to an Albert Schweitzer chair at the University at Albany, The State University of New York. From 1989 until her retirement in 2006, Morrison held the Robert F. Goheen Chair in the Humanities at Princeton University.

  Though based in the Creative Writing Program, Morrison did not regularly offer writing workshops to students after the late 1990s, a fact that earned her some criticism. Rather, she conceived and developed the prestigious Princeton Atelier, a program that brings together talented students with critically acclaimed, world-famous artists. Together the students and the artists produce works of art that are presented to the public after a semester of collaboration. In her position at Princeton, Morrison used her insights to encourage not merely new and emerging writers, but artists working to develop new forms of art through interdisciplinary play and cooperation.

  Did you know?
  Toni Morrison was the first African American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature

  In 1993 Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first Black woman to win the award. [2] Her citation reads: Toni Morrison, “who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.” Shortly afterwards, a fire destroyed her Rockland County, New York home. [1] [9]

  In November 2006, Morrison visited the Louvre Museum in Paris as the second in its Grand Invité program to guest-curate a month-long series of events across the arts on the theme of “The Foreigner’s Home.”

  In May 2010, Morrison appeared at PEN World Voices for a conversation with Marlene van Niekerk and Kwame Anthony Appiah about South African literature, and specifically van Niekerk’s 2004 novel Agaat.

  Morrison wrote books for children with her younger son, Slade Morrison, who was a painter and a musician. Slade died of pancreatic cancer on December 22, 2010, aged 45. [10] Morrison’s novel Home was half-completed when her son died.

  Morrison in 2013

  Morrison had stopped working on her latest novel when her son died. She said that afterward, “I stopped writing until I began to think, He would be really put out if he thought that he had caused me to stop. ‘Please, Mom, I’m dead, could you keep going . ‘” [11]

  She completed Home and dedicated it to her son Slade Morrison. [12] Published in 2012, it is the story of a Korean War veteran in the segregated United States of the 1950s, who tries to save his sister from brutal medical experiments at the hands of a white doctor. [11]

  Morrison debuted another work in 2011: She worked with opera director Peter Sellars and Malian singer-songwriter Rokia Traoré on a new production, Desdemona, taking a fresh look at William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello. The trio focused on the relationship between Othello’s wife Desdemona and her African nursemaid, Barbary, who is only briefly referenced in Shakespeare. The play, a mix of words, music and song, premiered in Vienna in 2011. [13]

  In August 2012, Oberlin College became the home base of the Toni Morrison Society, [14] an international literary society founded in 1983, dedicated to scholarly research of Morrison’s work. [15]

  Morrison’s eleventh novel, God Help the Child, was published in 2015. It follows Bride, an executive in the fashion and beauty industry whose mother tormented her as a child for being dark-skinned – a childhood trauma that has dogged Bride her whole life. [16]

  Morrison died at Montefiore Medical Center in The Bronx, New York City on August 5, 2019, from complications of pneumonia. She was 88 years old.

  Legacy

  Toni Morrison is one of a number of significant African-American writers who conveyed the experience of post-slavery, post-segregation blacks. She helped promote Black literature and authors when she worked as an editor for Random House in the 1960s and 1970s, later emerging herself as one of the most important African American writers of the twentieth century.

  Although her novels typically concentrate on black women, Morrison did not identify her works as feminist. She stated that “it’s off-putting to some readers, who may feel that I’m involved in writing some kind of feminist tract. I don’t subscribe to patriarchy, and I don’t think it should be substituted with matriarchy. I think it’s a question of equitable access, and opening doors to all sorts of things.” [17]

  The Toni Morrison Papers are part of the permanent library collections of Princeton University|, where they are held in the Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.

  The National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama, includes writing by Morrison. [18] Visitors can see her quote after they have walked through the section commemorating individual victims of lynching.

  Morrison was the subject of a film titled Imagine — Toni Morrison Remembers, directed by Jill Nicholls and shown on BBC One television on July 15, 2015, in which Morrison talked to Alan Yentob about her life and work.

  Awards and Honors

  At its 1979 commencement ceremonies, Barnard College awarded her its highest honor, the Barnard Medal of Distinction. Oxford University awarded her an honorary Doctor of Letters degree in June 2005.

  She was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2008 for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for Who’s Got Game? The Ant or the Grasshopper? The Lion or the Mouse? Poppy or the Snake?

  In May 2011, Morrison received an Honorable Doctor of Letters Degree from Rutgers University during commencement where she delivered a speech of the “pursuit of life, liberty, meaningfulness, integrity, and truth.”

  In March 2012, Morrison established a residency at Oberlin College. On May 29, 2012, President Barack Obama presented Morrison with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

  She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for Beloved and the Nobel Prize in 1993. In May 2012, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

  In 2016, she received the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction.

  Works

  Novels

  • The Bluest Eye (1970 ISBN 0452287065)
  • Sula (1974 ISBN 1400033438)
  • Song of Solomon (1977 ISBN 140003342X)
  • Tar Baby (1981 ISBN 1400033446)
  • Beloved (1987 ISBN 1400033411)
  • Jazz (1992 ISBN 1400076218)
  • Paradise (1999 ISBN 0679433740)
  • Love (2003 ISBN 0375409440)
  • A Mercy (2008 ISBN 0307264238)
  • Home (2012 ISBN 0307594165)
  • God Help the Child (2015 ISBN 0307594173)

  Children’s literature (with Slade Morrison)

  • The Big Box (2002)
  • The Book of Mean People (2002)

  Short stories

  • “Recitatif” (1983)

  Plays

  • Dreaming Emmett (performed 1986)

  Libretti

  • Margaret Garner (first performed May 2005)

  Non-fiction

  • The Black Book (1974)
  • Birth of a Nation’hood (co-editor) (1997)
  • Playing in the Dark (1992)
  • Remember:The Journey to School Integration (April 2004)

  Articles

  • “This Amazing, Troubling Book” (An analysis of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain)

  Notes

  1. ↑ 1.01.11.2 Claudia Dreifus, “CHLOE WOFFORD Talks about TONI MORRISON.”The New York Times, September 11, 1994. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.02.1 Rome Neal, “Toni Morrison: Words Of Love”CBS News, April 4, 2004. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3 William Grimes, “Toni Morrison Is ’93 Winner Of Nobel Prize in Literature”The New York Times, October 8, 1993. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  4. ↑”The Bluest Eye”Oprah’s Book Club. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  5. ↑ A. O. Scott, In Search of the Best – New York TimesSunday book review. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  6. ↑What Is the Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years?, The New York Times May 21, 2006. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  7. ↑ Lev Grossman, Beloved – ALL-TIME 100 NovelsTIME, January 6, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  8. ↑ Louis Menand, “All That Glitters – Literature’s global economy”The New Yorker, December 18, 2005. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  9. ↑”New York Home of Toni Morrison Burns.”The New York Times, December 26, 1993. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  10. ↑About the Artist Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  11. ↑ 11.011.1 Christopher Bollen, Toni Morrison’s Haunting ResonanceInterview, May 1, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  12. ↑ Bob Minzesheimer, “New novel ‘Home’ brings Toni Morrison back to Ohio”USA Today, May 7, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  13. ↑ Elaine Sciolino, Toni Morrison’s ‘Desdemona’ talks back to ‘Othello’The New York Times, October 25, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  14. ↑”Society History”, The Toni Morrison Society. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  15. ↑”Toni Morrison Society Celebrates 20 Years”, Oberlin College, September 18, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  16. ↑ Roxanne Gay, God Help the Child by Toni Morrison review – ‘incredibly powerful’The Guardian, April 29, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  17. ↑ Isheka N. Harrison, In Her Own Words: Tony Morrison on White Supremacy and White FeminismThe Moguldom Nation, August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
  18. ↑The National Memorial for Peace and Justice Retrieved August 24, 2019.

  References

  ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Bloom, Harold, Toni Morrison. Chelsea House, 2000. ISBN 9780791052587
  • McKay, Kellie. Y, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. G.K. Hall, 1988. ISBN 9780816188840
  • Samuels, Wilfred D, and Clenora Hudson-Weeks. Toni Morrison. Twayne Publishers, 1990. ISBN 9780805776010

  External links

  All links retrieved August 24, 2019.

  • Literary Encyclopedia biography
  • The Nobel Prize in Literature 1993

  Nobel Prize in Literature: Laureates (1976-2000)

  1976: Saul Bellow | 1977: Vicente Aleixandre | 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer | 1979: Odysseas Elytis | 1980: Czesław Miłosz | 1981: Elias Canetti | 1982: Gabriel García Márquez | 1983: William Golding | 1984: Jaroslav Seifert | 1985: Claude Simon | 1986: Wole Soyinka | 1987: Joseph Brodsky | 1988: Naguib Mahfouz | 1989: Camilo José Cela | 1990: Octavio Paz | 1991: Nadine Gordimer | 1992: Derek Walcott | 1993: Toni Morrison | 1994: Kenzaburo Oe | 1995: Seamus Heaney | 1996: Wisława Szymborska | 1997: Dario Fo | 1998: José Saramago | 1999: Günter Grass | 2000: Gao Xingjian

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  Toni Morrison

  Amerikalı yazıçı Toni Morrison (əsl adı Kloi Entoni Uofford) 1931-ci il, fevralın 18-də Ohayo ştatının Loreyn şəhərciyində anadan olmuşdur. 1955-1964-cü illərdə Hayard və Kornell universitetlərində təhsil almışdır. Texas ştatının universitetində dərs vermiş, 1957-ci ildə Harvard universitetinə qayıtmış, burada Yamaykadan gəlmiş memar Q. Morrisonla tanış olaraq ona ərə getmiş və onların iki oğlu dünyaya gəlmişdir. 1964-cü ildə onlar boşandılar. 1964-cü ilin payızında Toni Morrison Serakyus şəhərində (Nyu-York ştat) “Rendom haus” firmasının kitab nəşriyyatı filialında redaktor köməkçisi vəzifəsinə başladı. Burada dərsliklər nəşr olunurdu. 1967-ci ildə o, baş redaktor vəzifəsinə keçdi və Nyu-yorka köçdü.

  Yaradıcılığı

  Məşhur afro-amerikalılardan Məhəmməd Əlinin, Endryu Yanqın, Ancela Devisin və başqalarının kitablarını redaktə edir, eyni zamanda özünün ilk romanı olan “Ən mavi gözlər” in əlyazmasını nəşriyyatlara yollayırdı. Bu roman yazıçının vaxtilə Hayard universitetində yazıçılıq seminarı üçün yazdığı hekayənin əsasında yaranmışdı. 1970-ci ildə nəşr olunan bu romanda irqlərarası münaqişələrin ağ amerikalıların gözəllik idealı mavi gözləri arzulayan gənc zənci qıza faciəli təsirindən danışılır. 1970-ci ildə nəşr olunan bu roman ədəbi tənqid tərəfindən hərarətlə qarşılandı. 1970-1972-ci illərdə Morrison “Pendom haus”da çalışmağını davam etdirərək, eyni zamanda Nyu-York universitetində ingilis dili üzrə dosent vəzifəsini də icra edirdi. Elə 1972-ci ildə nəşr olunan “Sula” romanını da həmin vaxt yazmağa başlamışdı.

  Bu kitabda iki qadının qarşılıqlı münasibətlərindən danışılır, onlardan biri zaman keçdikcə özünün qapalı zənci həyatının sərt mənəvi normalarını qəbul edir, o birisi isə bu normaları rədd edir. Roman “Ayın kitabı” Klubunun seçib müəyyənləşdirdiyi bestsellerlər siyahısına daxil oldu, 1973-cü ildə Milli kitab mükafatına təqdim edildi, “Redbuk” jurnalında isə ondan parçalar dərc olundu. 1976-1977-ci illərdə Morrison Yelsk universitetinə mühazirəçi (müqavilə ilə) vəzifəsinə dəvət aldı və eyni zamanda “Solomonun Nəğməsi” romanı üzərində işləyirdi.

  Roman ruhi səyahətin folklor süjeti üzərində qurulmuşdur. Ulu babası köləlikdən qurtula bilmiş qəhrəman varlı atasının evini tərk edərək nə vaxtsa gizlədilmiş ailə sərvətlərini axtarmağa gedir və bu ailə ağacının bərpasıyla nəticələnir. Kitab 1981-ci ildə ədəbi tənqid dərnəyinin Milli mükafatına, Amerika akademiyasının və incəsənət və ədəbiyyat İnstitutunun mükafatlarına layiq görüldü.

  1983-cü ildə Morrison nəşriyyatdakı işini tərk etdi. 1984-cü ildə isə Nyu-York ştatında, Olbanidəki universitetdə Albert Şveytserin kafedrasının professoru kimi fəaliyyətə başladı.

  1983-cü ildə çap olunmuş “Sevimli qadın” romanı 1988-ci ildə Pulitser mükafatına, 1993-cü ildə isə Nobel mükafatına layiq görüldü. Köləlik mövzusuna qayıdaraq, yazıçı analıq hisslərinə onun məhvedici təsirini göstərir. Əhvalat Ohayo ştatında, ABŞ Vətəndaş müharibəsindən sonra baş verir. Süjetin kökündə qızını öldürməyi onu köləliyə verməkdən üstün tutan zənci qadının əhvalatı dayanır. Bu kitab Morrisonun ən yaxşı əsəri kimi qəbul edildi və onun ilk bestselleri oldu. Yazıçının digər əsərləri: “Caz”romanı (1992), Harvard universitetində oxuduğu mühazirələr əsasında yazılmış “Qaranlıqda oyun: Ağ rəng və ədəbi təsəvvür” (1992), sayca yeddinci romanı olan “”Cənnət” (1998) və “Böyük qutu” (2000), “Pis adamların kitabı”(2001) kimi uşaq kitablarıdır.

  1989-cu ildə Morrison Prinston universitetinə, Robert F. Qoenin kafedrasına dəvət aldı. Morrison bir çox mükafatlarla, o cümlədən Amerika ədəbiyyatına bəxş etdiyi töhfələrinə görə Milli kitab fondunun medalı ilə də təltif edilmişdir (1996). O, Amerika akademiyasının və incəsənət və ədəbiyyat institutunun, eləcə də Amerika humanitar və dəqiq elmlər akademiyasının üzvüdür.

  Professor T.Eliot yazırdı: “Toni Morrison nəinki qeyri-adi gücü olan çətin romanların ekstraordinar konstektini yaratdı, o, Amerika ədəbiyyatının XX yüzillikdəki tarixini büsbütün dəyişdi. “

  Morrison feminist hərəkatının fəal iştirakçısıdır, zəncilərin keçirdikləri konqreslərdə çıxışlar edir. Onun əsərləri bir çox dillərə, o cümlədən italyan, fransız, norveç, yapon və s. dillərə tərcümə olunmuşdur, həyat və yaradıcılığı isə bir neçə monoqrafiyanın obyektinə çevrilmişdir.

  İstinadlar

  1. ↑ 12 https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/aug/06/toni-morrison-author-and-pulitzer-winner-dies-aged-88
  2. ↑ 12 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/books/toni-morrison-dead.html
  3. ↑ Toni Morrison // AlKindi
  4. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/books/english-lessons.html
  5. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/arts/design/11voge.html?hpw
  6. ↑ https://150.howard.edu/facts/toni-morrison
  7. ↑ https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/toni-morrison

  September 15, 2021
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  toni, morrison, amerikalı, yazıçı, əsl, adı, kloi, entoni, uofford, 1931, fevralın, ohayo, ştatının, loreyn, şəhərciyində, anadan, olmuşdur, 1955, 1964, illərdə, hayard, kornell, universitetlərində, təhsil, almışdır, texas, ştatının, universitetində, dərs, ver. Amerikali yazici Toni Morrison esl adi Kloi Entoni Uofford 1931 ci il fevralin 18 de Ohayo statinin Loreyn seherciyinde anadan olmusdur 1955 1964 cu illerde Hayard ve Kornell universitetlerinde tehsil almisdir Texas statinin universitetinde ders vermis 1957 ci ilde Harvard universitetine qayitmis burada Yamaykadan gelmis memar Q Morrisonla tanis olaraq ona ere getmis ve onlarin iki oglu dunyaya gelmisdir 1964 cu ilde onlar bosandilar 1964 cu ilin payizinda Toni Morrison Serakyus seherinde Nyu York stat Rendom haus firmasinin kitab nesriyyati filialinda redaktor komekcisi vezifesine basladi Burada derslikler nesr olunurdu 1967 ci ilde o bas redaktor vezifesine kecdi ve Nyu yorka kocdu Toni MorrisonKloi Entoni UoffordDogum tarixi 18 fevral 1931 90 yas Dogum yeri Ohayo ABSVefat tarixi 5 avqust 2019 2019 08 05 1 2 3 88 yasinda Vefat yeri Bronks Nyu York Nyu York stati ABS 1 2 Vefat sebebi agciyer iltihabiVetendasligi ABS 4 5 Milliyyeti amerikanTehsili Hovard Universiteti d 6 Kornell Universiteti 7 Ratqers UniversitetiFealiyyeti yazici roman yazicisi librettocu universitet muellimi d saire usaq edebiyyati yazicisi audiobook narrator d Janr Afroamerikan edebiyyati d Vikianbarda elaqeli mediafayllarYaradiciligi RedakteMeshur afro amerikalilardan Mehemmed Elinin Endryu Yanqin Ancela Devisin ve basqalarinin kitablarini redakte edir eyni zamanda ozunun ilk romani olan En mavi gozler in elyazmasini nesriyyatlara yollayirdi Bu roman yazicinin vaxtile Hayard universitetinde yaziciliq seminari ucun yazdigi hekayenin esasinda yaranmisdi 1970 ci ilde nesr olunan bu romanda irqlerarasi munaqiselerin ag amerikalilarin gozellik ideali mavi gozleri arzulayan genc zenci qiza facieli tesirinden danisilir 1970 ci ilde nesr olunan bu roman edebi tenqid terefinden heraretle qarsilandi 1970 1972 ci illerde Morrison Pendom haus da calismagini davam etdirerek eyni zamanda Nyu York universitetinde ingilis dili uzre dosent vezifesini de icra edirdi Ele 1972 ci ilde nesr olunan Sula romanini da hemin vaxt yazmaga baslamisdi Bu kitabda iki qadinin qarsiliqli munasibetlerinden danisilir onlardan biri zaman kecdikce ozunun qapali zenci heyatinin sert menevi normalarini qebul edir o birisi ise bu normalari redd edir Roman Ayin kitabi Klubunun secib mueyyenlesdirdiyi bestsellerler siyahisina daxil oldu 1973 cu ilde Milli kitab mukafatina teqdim edildi Redbuk jurnalinda ise ondan parcalar derc olundu 1976 1977 ci illerde Morrison Yelsk universitetine muhazireci muqavile ile vezifesine devet aldi ve eyni zamanda Solomonun Negmesi romani uzerinde isleyirdi Roman ruhi seyahetin folklor sujeti uzerinde qurulmusdur Ulu babasi kolelikden qurtula bilmis qehreman varli atasinin evini terk ederek ne vaxtsa gizledilmis aile servetlerini axtarmaga gedir ve bu aile agacinin berpasiyla neticelenir Kitab 1981 ci ilde edebi tenqid derneyinin Milli mukafatina Amerika akademiyasinin ve incesenet ve edebiyyat Institutunun mukafatlarina layiq goruldu 1983 cu ilde Morrison nesriyyatdaki isini terk etdi 1984 cu ilde ise Nyu York statinda Olbanideki universitetde Albert Sveytserin kafedrasinin professoru kimi fealiyyete basladi 1983 cu ilde cap olunmus Sevimli qadin romani 1988 ci ilde Pulitser mukafatina 1993 cu ilde ise Nobel mukafatina layiq goruldu Kolelik movzusuna qayidaraq yazici analiq hisslerine onun mehvedici tesirini gosterir Ehvalat Ohayo statinda ABS Vetendas muharibesinden sonra bas verir Sujetin kokunde qizini oldurmeyi onu koleliye vermekden ustun tutan zenci qadinin ehvalati dayanir Bu kitab Morrisonun en yaxsi eseri kimi qebul edildi ve onun ilk bestselleri oldu Yazicinin diger eserleri Caz romani 1992 Harvard universitetinde oxudugu muhazireler esasinda yazilmis Qaranliqda oyun Ag reng ve edebi tesevvur 1992 sayca yeddinci romani olan Cennet 1998 ve Boyuk qutu 2000 Pis adamlarin kitabi 2001 kimi usaq kitablaridir 1989 cu ilde Morrison Prinston universitetine Robert F Qoenin kafedrasina devet aldi Morrison bir cox mukafatlarla o cumleden Amerika edebiyyatina bexs etdiyi tohfelerine gore Milli kitab fondunun medali ile de teltif edilmisdir 1996 O Amerika akademiyasinin ve incesenet ve edebiyyat institutunun elece de Amerika humanitar ve deqiq elmler akademiyasinin uzvudur Professor T Eliot yazirdi Toni Morrison neinki qeyri adi gucu olan cetin romanlarin ekstraordinar konstektini yaratdi o Amerika edebiyyatinin XX yuzillikdeki tarixini busbutun deyisdi Morrison feminist herekatinin feal istirakcisidir zencilerin kecirdikleri konqreslerde cixislar edir Onun eserleri bir cox dillere o cumleden italyan fransiz norvec yapon ve s dillere tercume olunmusdur heyat ve yaradiciligi ise bir nece monoqrafiyanin obyektine cevrilmisdir Istinadlar Redakte 1 2 https www theguardian com books 2019 aug 06 toni morrison author and pulitzer winner dies aged 88 1 2 https www nytimes com 2019 08 06 books toni morrison dead html Toni Morrison AlKindi http www nytimes com 1996 09 29 books english lessons html http www nytimes com 2009 10 11 arts design 11voge html hpw https 150 howard edu facts toni morrison https www neh gov about awards national humanities medals toni morrisonMenbe https az wikipedia org w index php title Toni Morrison amp oldid 5530131, wikipedia, oxu, kitab, kitabxana, axtar, tap, hersey,

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