Восстановление загрузчика Windows 7 вручную при помощи утилит и

BCDboot.exe – это средство, которое используется для создания или восстановления среды загрузки, расположенной в активном системном разделе. Утилита также может быть использована для переноса файлов загрузки с одного жесткого диска или раздела на другой.

How to use Bootrec.exe commands

Bootrec.exe is a standard free utility designed to troubleshoot boot problems in the Windows Recovery Environment. You can try to fix the following damaged components:

Boot sector;
Master Boot Record (BCD);
Boot Configuration Data Store (BCD).

In this article, you will learn how to use bootrec and what to do if some files and folders are missing or damaged.

Use Bootrec correctly

You can access the bootrec command in the following ways:

1. In your Windows recovery mode.

Press the Power button and start booting the system by constantly pressing the F8 button.

Select the required settings and click Next.

Now click on the “Repair your computer” section and use the arrows to select “Troubleshoot”. Further, in the subsection “Additional parameters,” click on the option “Command line”.

In the new window, type bootrec.exe and press Enter – this way, you got access to the Bootrec.exe utility. You can start fixing problems with loading the operating system.

2. Using the original installation disc for your version of Windows.

Insert the Windows 10 boot drive into your computer and start booting it.

Then press the required key (depending on the manufacturer of the computer) to boot the system. Also, select the required settings and click Next.

Now click on “Repair your computer” in the lower-left corner of the screen and select the section Troubleshoot. Under Advanced Options, click Command Prompt and type bootrec.exe. Press Enter on your keyboard, and you will have full access to the bootrec utility.

Adjustable parameters

Depending on your situation, you can choose one of four options for fixing boot errors:

1. exe / fixmbr: needed to fix problems with MBR corruption, also allows you to remove non-standard code from the MBR (this option does not overwrite the existing partition table).

2. exe / fixboot: This option writes a new boot sector to the system partition. It can be used when:

The boot sector gives way to non-standard boot Windows Vista and Windows 7-10.
The boot sector has been corrupted somehow.
An earlier Windows OS is installed after installing Windows Vista and Windows 7-10.

3. Bootrec.exe / scanOs: Helps when Windows Vista, 7, 8, or 10 installations are not listed in the Boot Manager menu.

4. Bootrec.exe / rebuildbcd: Used to completely rebuild the BCD store.

Prevent data loss with DiskInternals Partition Recovery

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to correct errors that occur during boot and, accordingly, the system will not be able to start without a radical solution to the problem. Such an outcome of events can lead to a complete or partial loss of data on the disk. To prevent this from happening, restore them and back them up using DiskInternals Partition Recovery software.

Partition Recovery – Installation. Partition Recovery – select the corrupted hard disk to fix it.

This software works with Windows, including 7, 8, 10, etc. and also supports all popular file systems: FAT12 / 32, HFS, NTFS, ReFS, UFS, ReiserFS, Reiser4, Ext2, Ext3, Ext4. It is possible to download a fully functional free promo version right now and enjoy the entire recovery process, as well as see all the search results. Then, if you like everything, buy a license and complete the recovery by exporting data. If you are new to this business, use the Recovery Wizard and make the entire recovery process as automated as possible.

Partition Recovery Wizard – select the scanning mode ‘Full Recovery’. Partition Recovery Wizard – preview files.

You can recover absolutely any type of file up to 1 PB. If you suddenly have any question, you can easily contact the DiskInternals support service and get highly qualified advice as soon as possible.

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Восстановление загрузчика Windows 7 вручную при помощи утилит bootrec.exe и bcdboot.exe

Много лет компания Microsoft улучшала систему восстановления операционной системы Windows, и в Windows 7 и Windows Vista она работает практически в автоматическом режиме. Если вы загрузитесь с установочного диска Windows 7 и щелкните “Восстановление системы” (“Repair Computer“), система восстановления Windows будет запущена и самостоятельно попытается исправить все ошибки, которые она найдет. Она способна исправить большое количество проблем, однако, вполне вероятна ситуация, когда оказывается поврежден загрузчик, и с этой проблемой система восстановления не может справиться. В этом случае можно восстановить загрузчик вручную при помощи утилиты Bootrec.exe.

Приложение Bootrec.exe служит для исправления ошибок, связанных с повреждением загрузчика и, как следствие, невозможностью запуска операционных систем Windows 7 и Windows Vista.

Последовательность действий

Настройте параметры BIOS таким образом, чтобы первым устройством загрузки был DVD-привод
Вставьте установочный компакт-диск с Windows 7 и загрузитесь с него до этого окна:

Откроется окно интерпретатора командной строки cmd.exe, где следует ввести:

Bootrec.exe

Утилита выведет справку по доступным ключам командной строки.

Описание ключей запуска утилиты Bootrec.exe

Bootrec.exe /FixMbr

Запущенная с ключом /FixMbr, утилита записывает совместимую с Windows 7 и Windows Vista главную загрузочную запись (Master Boot Record, MBR) в системный раздел. Используйте эту опцию для разрешения проблем, связанных с повреждением главной загрузочной записи, или если вы желаете удалить из неё нестандартный код. Существующая таблица разделов в этом случае не перезаписывается.

Bootrec.exe /FixBoot

Запущенная с ключом /FixBoot, утилита записывает в системный раздел новый загрузочный сектор, совместимый с Windows 7 и Windows Vista. Использовать эту опцию нужно в следующих случаях:

Загрузочный сектор Windows Vista или Windows 7 был заменен нестандартным.
Загрузочный сектор поврежден.
Была установлена предыдущая версия операционной системы Windows после установки Windows Vista или Windows 7. Например, если была установлена Windows XP, будет использоваться NTLDR (Windows NT Loader, загрузчик Windows NT), код штатного загрузчика NT 6 (Bootmgr) будет затерт программой установки Windows XP.

Следует отметить, что подобного эффекта можно добиться использованием утилиты bootsect.exe, также находящейся на загрузочном носителе Windows 7. Для этого необходимо запустить bootsect.exe со следующими параметрами:

bootsect /NT60 SYS

Загрузочный сектор системного раздела будет перезаписан кодом, совместимым с BOOTMGR. Подробней об использовании утилиты bootsect.exe можно узнать, запустив её с параметром /help.

Bootrec.exe /ScanOs

Запущенная с ключом /ScanOs, утилита сканирует все диски на предмет установленных операционных систем Windows Vista и Windows 7. Кроме того, при её использовании выводится список найденных систем, которые в данный момент не прописаны в хранилище данных конфигурации загрузки Windows (Boot Configuration Data (BCD) Store).

Bootrec.exe /RebuildBcd

Запущенная с этим ключом, утилита сканирует все диски на предмет наличия установленных операционных систем Windows Vista или Windows 7. Найденные ОС выводятся в список, из которого их можно добавить в хранилище данных конфигурации загрузки Windows (Boot Configuration Data Store). Используйте также эту опцию, если вы хотите полностью перестроить хранилище данных конфигурации загрузки. Перед этим необходимо удалить предыдущее хранилище. Набор команд при этом может быть таким:

bcdedit /export C:\BCDcfg.bak attrib -s -h -r c:\boot\bcd del c:\boot\bcd bootrec /RebuildBcd

В вышеприведенном примере текущее хранилище конфигурации загрузки экспортируется в файл C:\BCDcfg.bak, с него снимаются атрибуты “системный”, “скрытый” и “только для чтения”, после чего оно удаляется командой DEL и заново перестраивается командной bootrec /RebuildBcd.

Конечно, утилита Bootrec.exe весьма функциональна, однако, она не поможет, если, например, файл загрузчика Windows bootmgr поврежден или физически отсутствует. В таком случае можно воспользоваться другой утилитой, также входящей в состав дистрибутивного носителя Windows 7 – bcdboot.exe.

Восстановление среды загрузки с помощью BCDboot.exe

BCDboot.exe – это средство, которое используется для создания или восстановления среды загрузки, расположенной в активном системном разделе. Утилита также может быть использована для переноса файлов загрузки с одного жесткого диска или раздела на другой.

Командная строка в данном случае может выглядеть таким образом:

bcdboot.exe e:\windows

Замените e:\windows на путь, соответствующий вашей системе.
Эта операция восстановит поврежденную среду загрузки Windows, включая файлы хранилища конфигурации данных загрузки (BCD), в том числе упомянутый выше файл bootmgr.

Синтаксис параметров командной строки утилиты bcdboot

Утилита bcdboot.exe использует следующие параметры командной строки:

BCDBOOT источник [/l язык] [/s буква_диска] [/v] [/m []]

источник

Указывает расположение каталога Windows, используемого в качестве источника при копировании файлов среды загрузки.

Необязательный параметр. Задает язык среды загрузки. По умолчанию используется английский (США).

Необязательный параметр. Указывает букву диска системного раздела, куда будет установлены файлы среды загрузки. По умолчанию используется системный раздел, заданный микропрограммой BIOS.

Необязательный параметр. Включает режим подробного протоколирования работы утилиты.

Необязательный параметр. Объединяет параметры вновь созданной и уже имеющейся загрузочной записи хранилища и записывает их в новую загрузочную запись. Если GUID загрузчика операционной системы задан, для создания загрузочной записи объединяет объект загрузчика с шаблоном системы.

Резюме

В статье были рассмотрены принципы работы с утилитами bootrec.exe и bcdboot.exe, служащими для разрешения проблем, связанных с невозможностью запуска операционной системы Windows 7 из-за поврежденного или отсутствующего загрузчика.