Formal dillər
Both formal and informal vocabulary can be found in all spheres of the language. As the language becomes more liberal, combining these two groups of words gets more common. Below is an example list of words and expressions in formal and informal registers.
Formal and Informal Vocabulary
Both formal and informal vocabulary can be found in all spheres of the language. As the language becomes more liberal, combining these two groups of words gets more common. Below is an example list of words and expressions in formal and informal registers.
What does ‘formal’ mean? Simply put, it means something or someone following established norms, traditions and habits. A formal letter should have certain structure and vocabulary, usually more official and strict. Think of formal as a rough synonym for ‘official’.
Vocabulary for letters
| Informal | Formal |
| To ask for help | To request assistance |
| To tell, to let know | To inform, to notify |
| Problem | Issue |
| Speak to | Address smb. |
| Talk about | Discuss, consider |
| Fix, take care of, put right | Rectify, amend |
| I think that … | I believe/hold it that … |
| I want to … | I wish to … |
| I’m ready to … | I am willing to … |
| I’m angry about … | I am dissatisfied with … |
| Deal with, take care of | Manage, resolve, settle |
| Put up with | Tolerate, bear, endure |
| Bring up | Mention |
| Take away | Remove |
| Thanks | I am grateful/thankful for … |
| I’m sorry about … | I regret about … |
| I’m writing about | I am writing regarding |
| I’ll get in touch … | I will contact … |
| If you have any questions | Should you have any questions |
General formal and informal vocabulary
| Informal | Formal |
| And | As well as … |
| But | Whereas/While |
| So, in this manner | Thus |
| If … | Should … /Whether … |
| If … or not | Whether … or not |
| For sure | Definitely/Assuredly/Certainly |
| Many | Numerous/Several |
| Get | Receive |
| Keep | Retain |
It is recommended to stick to either formal or informal words whenever possible. In other words, don’t mix two registers. It is as important as consistency in using English and American spelling. However, using two registers in your speech is not a serious error. At least as far as your speech is concerned. You should nevertheless pay attention to your writing — if you can use a less colloquial expression in your formal letter then you should do so. Sometimes mixing can’t be helped — for example, using phrasal verbs in a text. Phrasal verbs give life to your writing, so you shouldn’t abstain from using them. But such things as contracted forms or slang words — they do not belong in a formal text. Some dictionaries have detailed entries on formal and informal register.
Which register should I use?
The degree of formality is usually decided by the following factors:
- How well you know the person you’re writing to — the better you know the person, the less formal your writing will be (within reasonable limits)
- The purpose of your letter — business correspondence tends to be more formal
- The relative position of the person you’re writing to — a letter to your boss will be strictly formal. A letter to your subordinate is more likely to be semi-formal or fairly informal.
Use your judgement and common sense to decide on the register. For example, a letter to your boss who is much older than you, but whom you know very well is likely to be semi-formal, despite of his age and position. Conversely, if you are the head of department writing to a junior staff member whom you do not know, your letter should be on the formal side.
Conclusion
Bottom line is: if you are unsure whether to use formal or informal words, then stick to more respectable and tactful formal vocabulary. Nobody is going to hate you for being too formal. You will get a funny look or two if you overshoot with formality, but that is definitely not the end of the world!
On the other hand, opting for informal style and vocabulary in certain situations may be tactless and even rude. This in mind, use this simple rule:
When in doubt, keep it formal!
Formal dillər
İnformasiyanın saxlanması və ya başqasına ötürülməsi zamanı onun hansı formada verilməsi çox önəmlidir. Məsələn, zəif eşidən adamın informasiyanı səs şəklində qəbul etməsi çətindir. Görmə qabiliyyətini itirmiş insan informasiyanı əsasən eşitmək və toxunmaqla alır.
İnformasiyanın hansı formada verilməsindən və necə ötürülməsindən asılı olmayaraq, o, həmişə müəyyən dil vasitəsilə təqdim olunur. Verilən informasiyanı insan heç də həmişə qavraya bilmir. Bunun başlıca səbəbi verilən informasiyanın dilini bilməməsidir. Bu mənada riyaziyyatın dilini bilməyən C = 2 π r , fizikanın dilini bilməyən υ = s /t , kimyanın dilini bilməyən NaCl yazılarını anlamayacaq.
Dillər iki qrupa ayrılır: təbii dillər və formal dillər. Təbii dillər şifahi və ya yazılı formada olan danışıq dilləridir. Bəzi hallarda mimika və jestlər, xüsusi işarələr (məsələn, yol işarələri) danışıq dilini əvəz edə bilir. Formal dillər insanın müxtəlif fəaliyyət sahələri üçün yaradılmış və öz əlifbası, qrammatik qaydaları, sintaksisi olan xüsusi dillərdir. Formal dillərə nümunə olaraq musiqi dilini (not yazılarını), riyazi dili (düsturları), proqramlaşdırma dillərini göstərmək olar.
İstənilən dilin əsasında xüsusi sistemli simvollar (işarələr) yığını – əlifba dayanır. Hər bir təbii, yaxud formal dildəki söz və ifadə həmin dilin əlifbası vasitəsilə verilir.
İnformasiyanı saxlamaq, ötürmək, yaxud emal etmək üçün bir təqdim-olunma formasından daha əlverişli başqa formaya keçirilməsinə kodlaşdırma deyilir. İnformasiyanın ilkin təqdimolunma formasına qaytarılması isə dekodlaşdırma (kodaçma) adlanır. Sözsüz ki, informasiyanı dekodlaşdırmaq üçün kodu bilmək lazımdır.
Category : Formal languages
set of strings of symbols that may be constrained by rules that are specific to it; words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules
- linguistics term
- computer science term
- formalized language
- artificial language
- language
- formal register
Q192161
GND ID: 4017848-1
Library of Congress authority ID: sh85050802
Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 11967270h
NDL Authority ID: 00576869
BNCF Thesaurus ID: 5999
NKCR AUT ID: ph208851
BabelNet ID: 00213650n
National Library of Israel J9U ID: 987007545721205171
Subcategories
This category has the following 17 subcategories, out of 17 total.
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